Annabelle Crawford
College of Arts & Sciences, Regent University
ECON 290: Political Economy
Dr. Jeff Bajah
10 October 2022
School Choice
Goals for this Milestone
1. What are the rules of the organization that influenced and impacted the
decision, policy, program
Rules for school choice depend on the state and local school board. There are many options that parents can choose for school choice. What seems to impact school choice primarily is preferences. For example, according to the Code of Virginia, Title 22.1 rules depend on the type of school, whether public, private, charter or homeschooled. The U.S. offers “open enrollment” to all students (Davis, 2013, p.34).
1. How did those impacted by this decision have input into the decision?
Parents have input in school choice in deciding what schooling option is best for their children. Districts for public schools must notify parents if their child can transfer schools and provide opportunities for “low-income families” (U.S. Department of Education, 2009). In general, the state must give parents all information so parents can choose the best schooling option. So, parents’ input in school choice seems to be based on what the government allows.
1. Which groups or people are most impacted by these decisions or policies?
The groups of people most impacted by school choice are low-income families and families with special-needs students. With school choice, parents with special-need children can determine what public school or other school option would be best for their education. School choice benefits families in this situation, but low-income families may have fewer options. The best option is using “state-approved supplemental educational services providers in the area” (U.S. Department of Education, 2009). So, while they have some options, they are still limited to the school in their district. For example, it can be more challenging for low-income families to send their children to a private school as costs increase.
1. What are some of the unintended consequences of these decisions or policies?
Some of the unintended consequences of school choice can be segregation. According to Harvard’s Graduate School of Education research, “Researchers found that many parents choose magnet schools on the basis of racial composition and cultural similarity” (1995), based on data from Montgomery County, Maryland. There is a pull for white parents to choose schools with “higher white enrollment,” and the same for black parents(Harvard Graduate School of Education, 1995). School choice doesn’t want to segregate but is built to include all racial backgrounds.
Concept Questions
1. Is there a voting aspect to this policy? If not directly maybe indirectly (maybe there was not a vote about the actual policy but the decision makers were voted on)
There isn’t a vote for school choice, but the decision-makers for school choice are voted on. In a particular aspect, polls are taken on what parents would prefer, and those polls help determine school choice. Most data shows that parents are for school choice; according to one source, “52% of parents considered finding a new or different school for at least one of their children within the past year”(National School Choice Week Team, 2022).
2. What were the elections like? Are the decision makers truly representative of the group (even if there was not an election)
There aren’t any elections for school choice. It depends on the policymakers; for example, Virginia governor Youngkin supports school choice.
3. What are the compromises and being made? Is there resistance to the policy? How stable is the policy? Could it be changed with just a few votes?
I would say the policy is stable as it seems most U.S. parents support school choice.
4. Do some involved seem to have disproportionate influence on the outcome? If so, who and why?
I don’t believe anyone involved has a disproportionate influence on the outcome.
References
Davis, J. (2013). School Choice in the States: A Policy Landscape. Council of Chief State School Officers. https://doi.org/https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED542701
Studies show school choice widens inequality: Popular among parents, but little evidence that children learn more. Harvard Graduate School of Education. (1995). Retrieved October 10, 2022, from https://www.gse.harvard.edu/news/95/07/studies-show-school-choice-widens-inequality-popular-among-parents-little-evidence
Team, N. S. C. W. (2022, May 9). Survey shows: More than half of American families look(ING) for a new school - Winter 2022. National School Choice Week. Retrieved October 10, 2022, from https://schoolchoiceweek.com/how-parents-feel-about-school-choices-2022/#:~:text=69%20percent%20of%20parents%20say,Latino%20parents%20(72%20percent).
US Department of Education (ED). (2009, January 14). School choices for parents. Home. Retrieved October 10, 2022, from https://www2.ed.gov/parents/schools/choice/definitions.html
Virginia School Choice Week. Seal Pin for 74. (n.d.). Retrieved September 18, 2022, from https://www.governor.virginia.gov/newsroom/proclamations/proclamation-list/virginia-school-choice-week.html
Virginia law. Code of Virginia Code - Chapter 14. Pupils. (n.d.). Retrieved September 18, 2022, from https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title22.1/chapter14/ Virginia law. Code of Virginia Code - Chapter 14. Pupils. (n.d.). Retrieved September 18, 2022, from https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title22.1/chapter14/